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- <text id=90TT0818>
- <title>
- Apr. 02, 1990: Yes, We Have No Cruzeiros
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- Apr. 02, 1990 Nixon Memoirs
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- BUSINESS, Page 52
- Yes, We Have No Cruzeiros
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>Can Brazil survive President Collor's cash freeze?
- </p>
- <p> There was virtually no money in Brazil last week. The stock
- exchange in Sao Paulo registered zero transactions on Monday.
- Shopping centers were deserted, restaurants empty.
- Cash-strapped companies laid off thousands of employees. Most
- flights on Varig, Brazil's international air carrier, and Vasp,
- the domestic line, were either canceled or flew empty.
- </p>
- <p> The cash crunch was deliberate, the result of new President
- Fernando Collor de Mello's desperate all-or-nothing attempt to
- "obliterate" Brazil's inflation spiral, which hit a monthly
- rate of 73% in February. The severe clampdown, which the
- President unveiled just hours after his inauguration on March
- 15, went into full effect last week. By presidential decree,
- the plan freezes 80% of the country's banking and investment
- accounts; no one can withdraw more than $1,200 from savings for
- the next 18 months. And to cement his reform, Collor replaced
- Brazil's latest currency, the new cruzado, with the cruzeiro,
- at a rate of 1 to 1.
- </p>
- <p> While many Brazilians have spent their cashless week
- standing in line trying to withdraw funds at banks, others have
- learned how to barter for food. Anxiety runs high: the number
- of people admitted to hospitals in Rio because of chest pain
- has doubled over the past several days. Yet Collor's shock
- treatment has actually boosted his popularity. Elected with 43%
- of the total vote last fall, he has 80% of citizens supporting
- his new reforms.
- </p>
- <p> To make his plan work, Collor, 40, will have to overcome a
- stubbornly resistant economy. Under former President Jose
- Sarney, Brazil tried to implement three anti-inflation programs
- in four years. All failed, mainly because as soon as the
- reforms were announced, consumers rushed to buy goods, creating
- a new surge in inflation. They were betting that the government
- could not control prices, and they were right. Thanks to
- Collor's freezing of assets, that shopping surge seems unlikely
- to happen this time. But labor leaders have vowed to strike if
- the President follows through on plans to sell or close 188
- state-owned businesses. The President's program would eliminate
- an estimated 50,000 of 700,000 government-paid jobs.
- </p>
- <p> The President suffers from narrow political backing in the
- Brazilian Congress as well. His National Reconstruction Party
- controls only 22 of the 495 seats in the lower house.
- Unofficially, half of all members back his proposals. But the
- legislators are up for re-election in October and face enormous
- pressure from their constituents who worry about whether they
- will get their frozen assets back. "The poor are demanding I
- vote for the package, but the middle class will kill me if I
- do," says Congressman Luiz Henrique.
- </p>
- <p> For Collor, the challenge is to persuade his citizens that
- the current reform plan is not like all the others, to be
- abandoned when things get tough. "I am driving a packed bus at
- 150 km per hour, headed for a cliff," Collor told a group of
- legislators last week. "Either we put on the brakes and some
- people get a little bruised up, or we go over the edge and we
- all die."
- </p>
- <p>By Christine Gorman. Reported by Laura Lopez/Rio de Janeiro.
- </p>
- <p>THE CLAMPDOWN
- </p>
- <p> Among the measures in the government's new economic plan:
- </p>
- <p>-- A 30-day freeze on prices, followed by wage increases on
- a gradually declining scale, from 73% in March to 10% in June.
- </p>
- <p>-- An 18-month ban on bank withdrawals of more than $1,200
- from savings accounts and $600 from overnight accounts.
- </p>
- <p>-- The sale or closing of many of the $188 companies owned
- or operated by the government, which have a collective foreign
- debt of $62 billion.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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